{"id":186,"date":"2007-10-10T20:12:42","date_gmt":"2007-10-10T12:12:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/elon.852128.com\/blog\/?p=186"},"modified":"2007-10-10T20:12:42","modified_gmt":"2007-10-10T12:12:42","slug":"%e4%b9%8c%e6%89%98%e9%82%a6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/elon.852128.com\/blog\/2007\/10\/10\/%e4%b9%8c%e6%89%98%e9%82%a6\/","title":{"rendered":"\u4e4c\u6258\u90a6"},"content":{"rendered":"<p\u4e4c\u6258\u90a6\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u5bf9\u7f8e\u597d\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u61a7\u61ac\n<\/p\u4e4c\u6258\u90a6\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u5bf9\u7f8e\u597d\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u61a7\u61ac\n\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 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Thomas More\uff09\u7684\u300a\u4e4c\u6258\u90a6\u300b\uff08Utopia\uff0c1516\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u76ee\u6807\u5219\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u6279\u5224\u548c\u8bbd\u523a\uff1a\u5c06\u4e4c\u6258\u90a6\u4e2d\u7684\u5584\u826f\u4eba\u6c11\u548c\u4f5c\u8005\u5f53\u65f6\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u7f6a\u6076\u4f5c\u5de7\u5999\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff0c\u800c\u85c9\u4e4b\u8c34\u8d23\u540e\u8005\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u6781\u5c11\u6570\u7684\u4e4c\u6258\u90a6\u4f5c\u8005\u2013\u2013\u8d1d\u62c9\u5bc6\uff08Edward Bellamy\uff09\u7684\u300a\u56de\u987e\u300b\uff08Looking Backward\uff0c1888\uff09\u5373\u662f\u4f73\u4f8b\u2013\u2013\u4f01\u56fe\u6839\u636e\u5176\u4e4c\u6258\u90a6\u4e2d\u6240\u8ba4\u771f\u89c4\u5212\u7684\u84dd\u56fe\u6765\u6539\u9020\u793e\u4f1a\u3002\u5c31\u5176\u672c\u8d28\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4e4c\u6258\u90a6\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u4e43\u662f\u542f\u53d1\u6027\u7684\u3002\n\n\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 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Stapledon\uff09\u5728\u300a\u4eba\u4e4b\u59cb\u672a\u300b\uff08Last &amp;amp; First Men\uff0c1930\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u5219\u7528\u4e8c\u5341\u4ebf\u5e74\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6bd4\u4f8b\u6765\u8868\u793a\u4eba\u7c7b\u671d\u5411\u5168\u7136\u4e4c\u6258\u90a6\u5883\u754c\u7684\u6500\u5347\u3002\n\n\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 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Sun\uff0c1637\uff09\u4e2d\u6240\u8868\u73b0\u8005\u3002\u968f\u8457\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08\u5b83\u672c\u8eab\u5373\u6df1\u5177\u4e4c\u6258\u90a6\u8272\u5f69\uff09\u7684\u5174\u8d77\uff0c\uff0e\u4e4c\u6258\u90a6\u4e3b\u4e49\u4fbf\u9010\u6e10\u53d8\u6210\u5173\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e4b\u5b9e\u73b0\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u7684\u8fa9\u8bba\u3002\u8d1d\u62c9\u5bc6\u4ee5\u53ca\u5a01\u5c14\u65af\u7684\u4e4c\u6258\u90a6\uff08\u300a\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e4c\u6258\u90a6\u300b\u3014Modern Utopia\uff0c1905\u3015\uff09\u7686\u662f\u4e3a\u6b63\u7edf\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fa9\u62a4\u7684\u6709\u529b\u8457\u4f5c\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\u6469\u91cc\u65af\uff08William Morris\uff09\u5219\u5728\u300a\u6765\u81ea\u4e4c\u6709\u4e4b\u4e61\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u300b\uff08News form Nowhere\uff0c1890\uff09\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u5438\u5f15\u4eba\u7684\u8bbc\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5f02\u79cd\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u8bf4\u6cd5\u4e43\u56e0\u201c\u53cd\u4e4c\u6258\u90a6\u201d\uff08dystopia \u6216 anti utopia\uff09\u7684\u53d1\u660e\u800c\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u6b64\u4e43\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u4e4c\u6258\u90a6\u5e0c\u671b\u7684\u9006\u8f6c\u548c\u731b\u70c8\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c2\u5ff5\u7531\u5df4\u7279\u52d2\uff08Samuel Butler\uff09\u53cd\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u300a\u9e1f\u6709\u4e4b\u4e61\u300b\uff08Erewhon\uff0c1872\uff09\u4e00\u4e66\u6240\u9884\u793a\uff0c\u800c\u57281930\u548c1940\u5e74\u4ee3\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u9876\u70b9\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u8868\u73b0\u4e8e\u8d6b\u80e5\u9ece\uff08Aldous Huxley\uff09\u7684\u300a\u7f8e\u4e3d\u65b0\u4e16\u754c\u300b\uff08Brave New World\uff0c1932\uff09\u548c\u6b27\u5a01\u5c14\uff08George Orwell\uff09\u7684\u300a\u4e00\u4e5d\u516b\u56db\u300b\uff08Nineteen Eighty-Four\uff0c1949\uff09\u8fd9\u4e24\u672c\u4e66\u4e2d\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u6697\u6de1\u7684\u5e74\u4ee3\u7406\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u53f2\u57fa\u7eb3\uff08B.F.Skinner\uff09\u7684\u300a\u6843\u6e90\u4e8c\u6751\u300b\uff08Walden Two\uff0c1948\uff09\u7ef4\u62a4\u8457\u4e4c\u6258\u90a6\u7684\u706b\u70ac\u4f7f\u4e4b\u4e0d\u7184\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u4ecd\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u884c\u4e3a\u5de5\u7a0b\uff08behavioural engineering\uff09\u7684\uff0c\u4e4c\u6258\u90a6\u4e2d\u5bdf\u89c9\u5230\u6bd4\u6700\u9ed1\u6697\u7684\u53cd\u4e4c\u6258\u90a6\u66f4\u53ef\u6015\u7684\u68a6\u9b47\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4e4c\u6258\u90a6\u4e3b\u4e49\u5374\u57281960\u5e74\u4ee3\u5f3a\u800c\u6709\u529b\u5730\u590d\u6d3b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u50cf\u9a6c\u5b64\u54f2\uff08Herbert Marcuse\uff09\u7684\u300a\u8bba\u89e3\u653e\u300b\uff08An Essay on Liberation\uff0c1969\uff09\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\uff1b\u800c\u5728\u672a\u6765\u5b66\u548c\u751f\u6001\u5b66\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\u4e5f\u53ef\u89c1\u5176\u84ec\u52c3\u7684\u751f\u6c14\u3002\n\n\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u6216\u8bb8\u4e4c\u6258\u90a6\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u60c5\u5883\u6240\u56fa\u6709\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u5b83\u53ea\u5185\u5728\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e9b\u53d7\u53e4\u5178\u548c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4f20\u7edf\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u6587\u5316\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5927\u53ef\u540c\u610f\u738b\u5c14\u5fb7\uff08Oscar 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